Answer up to two questions to have reserve credit for the quizzes later in the semester. To get credit, write your answer in a paragraph IN YOUR OWN WORDS. You MUST CITE RELIABLE REFERENCES! You may add to existing comments with new information for credit, but once someone has answered (with properly cited sources), you won't get credit for repeating the information. Participation in the quiz bank questions is optional.
Please feel free to add comments & discussion to any question at any time, even if you are not answering the questions for credit. Sign your posts with your first name and last initial.
1. Why do fetal pigs have teeth? How does pig dental development (and number/type of teeth) differ from humans? (also – what about those hollow un-erupted teeth in the fetal pig? Is this what human teeth look like before they break through the gum?)
2. Do fetal pigs have an “appendix”? Why or why not?
3. What is the purpose of the soft tissue on the hooves of the fetal pig? What happens to this tissue when the pigs are born?
4. What is the stomach of the fetal pig? How does the fetal pig get food? What does the liver do in the fetal pig?
5. Pigs don’t have clavicles. Did they lose them in evolution, or did clavicles develop in other lineages of mammals? Explain the development / loss of the clavicle through evolutionary lineages.
6. Can you live without your pancreas?
7. Why are there so many large taste buds on the sides of the fetal pigs tongue?
8. How does the “morning after” pill work? Is it the same as the ‘progestin minipill’?
9. Why can some women have an orgasm and others can not? Does this have to do with the development or protrusion of the citreous? Is it true that some women can not have an orgasm at all?
10. Is there a genetic basis for homosexuality? Can homosexuality be derived from social experience?
11. Does whether or not a woman has an orgasm during intercourse affect her chances of getting pregnant?
12. How long can sperm survive inside a human body?
6. Can you live without your pancreas?
ReplyDeleteThe pancreas plays a key role in digestion. It secretes digestive enzymes and certain hormones such as insulin. The enzymes break up proteins, digest fat, and digest carbohydrates. Insulin allows cells to take in glucose. Diabetics suffer from a pancreas which secretes insufficient amounts of insulin. With the aid of supplemental enzymes and hormones, one can lead a relatively normal life without their pancreas. People who do not have a pancreas need to take digestive enzymes pills and dosages of insulin daily for the rest of their lives.
Reference:
http://www.csmc.edu/2566.html#4
Michael D.
12. How long can sperm survive inside a human body?
ReplyDeleteIn general, sperm can live in a woman’s body for 3-5 days. However, there are many factors which can affect this such as the environment of the vagina, presence of cervical mucus, and the individual longevity of sperm. Also, if the sperm do not get out of the vagina and into the uterus within the first few hours after ejaculation, they will usually die shortly thereafter.
References:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007015.htm
http://www.early-pregnancy-tests.com/sperm.html
Michael D.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete8. How does the “morning after” pill work? Is it the same as the ‘progestin mini pill’?
ReplyDeleteThe ‘morning-after pill’ is a general term used for emergency contraceptive pills to be taken by a woman after intercourse has occurred to prevent pregnancy. The most common and accessible pill is Plan B. The Plan B pill contains one of the same hormones as birth control called levonorgestre, except at a higher dosage. In order to understand how a morning after pill works one must know that most women do not get pregnant right after intercourse, instead pregnancy is the point at which a fertilized egg is implanted into the uterus. This time can be up to 5 days after intercourse. The morning after-pill prevents or delays ovulation or makes fertilization of a released egg more difficult. This is why the sooner you take the pill the more effective it will be as there is a greater chance of an egg not being already fertilized. The pill works the same way as a birth control pill by preventing pregnancy and not aborting an already fertilized egg. If you take the morning-after pill and are already pregnant the effects of levonorgestre on the baby are of no harm. Also note, the morning after pill is not a substitute for birth control pills taken daily and should not be used as a primary source of birth control.
The progestin ‘mini pill’ a progestin only pill (POP), is different than the morning-after pill in that it is not an emergency contraceptive and actually is an alternative to the normal birth control pill. The normal birth control pills, or better known as the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) usually contain both progestin and estrogen hormones, while POP only contain progestin. Though it is not as popular as the COCP, the mini pill has many advantages. It is safer for older woman and woman who are breastfeeding can take it as it does not stop lactation. However, unlike COCP there are no controlled menstrual cycles which many women prefer and the time frame of having a “missed pill” is smaller than that of COCP.
Ey, J.L. (2009).The Morning-After Pill. Clinical Pediatrics, 48(3), 341. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Kraszewski, S. (2008). Contraception update: part 2 Progestogen-only pill. Practice Nurse, 35(9), 20-25. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
9. Why can some women have an orgasm and others can not? Does this have to do with the development or protrusion of the citreous? Is it true that some women can not have an orgasm at all?
ReplyDeleteMany women report to not have orgasm, or not be able to, and whether there is a physicality, mental, or social reason is in constant debate. The process of orgasm for a woman is the stimulation of the clitoris to increase muscle tension to a point of involuntary muscle contraction. However, one Nigerian study found that women who have had to undergo Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) have the same chance of having orgasm as women who have not, though chances of infections or diseases of the reproductive tract greatly increase. While the removal of clitorial tissue likely decreases sensitivity in that area, it is speculated to likely increase sensitivity in other areas such as the breasts. In addition, studies conducted have shown no correlation between clitorial size and the ability to achieve orgasm, instead intensities and frequencies of orgasms can be linked to gene characteristics. Throughout the articles I’ve researched all studies appear to have contradicting points that would lead one to believe the research into the female orgasm is still in early stages and not as extensive or conclusive as it’s male counterpart.
Lynch, V.J. (2008). Clitoral and penile size variability are not significantly different. Evolution & Development, 10 (4), 396 -397. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Coren, C. (2003). Genital Cutting May Alter, Rather Than Eliminate Women's Sexual Sensations. International Family Planning Perspectives, 29 (1), 51. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
Is there a genetic basis for homosexuality? Can homosexuality be derived from social experience?
ReplyDeleteDue to homosexuality being the taboo in our society that it is today, funding for genetic research is often limited. However, there have been recent studies that have revealed more about the basis of homosexuality. Geneticist Dean Hamer and his colleagues have done extensive research on 76 pairs of gay brothers and have concluded that the basis for homosexuality is entirely genetic. They have believed to have narrowed down the origin of the DNA gene. Patterns in their experiments indicate that the gene is inherited exclusively through the maternal line. After studying the x chromosome exclusively, they discovered a common genetic marker – Xq28, which they believe to be linked to homosexuality.
Whether or not this is the gene that causes homosexuality, it has already been ruled out that homosexuality is not derived from social experience. A psychiatrist at Oklahoma Health Science Center, William Reiner, conducted a study where boys with deformed genetals were surgically made into girls and raised as girls. All participants in the studied turned out to be attracted to females. A second study by psychologist Michael Bailey, showed the increased chance of a homosexual identical twin if the first twin was gay.
Sources:
Abrams, Michael (2007). The Real Story on Gay Genes. Discover, from http://discovermagazine.com/2007/jun/born-gay/?searchterm=%22born%20gay%22
12. How long can sperm survive inside a human body?
ReplyDeleteIn general, sperm can live in a woman’s body for 3-5 days. However, there are many factors which can affect this such as the environment of the vagina, presence of cervical mucus, and the individual longevity of sperm. Also, if the sperm do not get out of the vagina and into the uterus within the first few hours after ejaculation, they will usually die shortly thereafter.
Another issue that should be considered on while on the topic of sperm is not only its entire lifetime but also its health and vitality during that time. Since X-chromosomal sperm have approximately 2.8 percent more DNA, they are slightly heavier than Y-chromosomal sperm. Therefore, the Y-chromosomal sperm are marginally faster and more vigorous than the x-chromosomal sperm. The downside to this relationship is that if the y-chromosomal sperm is not united with the egg immediately, it gets tired quickly and dies. While the x-chromosomal sperm are slower to arrive, their conserved energy allows them to slightly longer and healthier than the male sperm.
Sources:
Mestel, Rosie (2002) Some ABC's about X and Y chromosomes and if it's a boy or a girl. The Houston Chronicle, p.7
(2006) Researchers Can you influence the sex of your child?, Europe Intelligence Wire
Citation correction for my previous response to question six:
ReplyDelete"Pancreatic and Biliary Diseases - Frequently Asked Questions." Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. 21 July 2009 http://www.csmc.edu/2566.html#4